Subjects

Indian Constitution, governance, Parliament, judiciary, federalism and rights.

Growth, inflation, money and banking, budget, and development issues.

Ancient, medieval, modern India and world history themes relevant to UPSC.

Physical, Indian and world geography, maps, climate, and human geography.

Ecology, biodiversity, environmental policies, and current environmental issues.

Core concepts and current developments relevant for Prelims and Mains.

Ethics, integrity, aptitude, case studies and answer-writing frameworks.

Indian society, social issues, social justice themes and related data points.

India's foreign policy, neighbourhood, global groupings, and geopolitics.

Internal security challenges, terrorism, cyber security and border management.

Disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response, and institutional mechanisms.